Municipalities :
The first Municipal
Corporation was set- up to the former presidency Town of Madres in 1688 and was
followed by similar corporations in the
then Bombay and Calcutta in 1726.
In order to provide for a common framework
for urban local bodies and help to strengthen the functioning of the bodies as
effective democratic units of self-
government , parliament enacted the Constitution (74th Amendment )
Act, 1992 (known as Nagarpalika Act) relating to municipalities in 1992.
Panchayats :
Article 40 of the Constitution which
enshrines on the Directive Principles of State
Policy lays down that the State take steps to organise village
panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to
enable them to function as units self- government .
In the light of the above ,a now part IX
relating to the Panchayats has been inserted in the Constitution .
Rajasthan was the first state to set up
Panchayati Raj System in 1959 followed
by Andhra Pradesh.
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