16th
Constitutional Amendment Act, 1963: Changes were effected in Art. 19 to
enable the parliament to make laws providing reasonable restrictions on the
freedom of expression in the interests of sovereignty and integrity of India.
Amendments were made in the form of oath contained in the third Schedule with
emphasis on upholding the sovereignty and integrity of India.
19th
Constitutional Amendment Act, 1966: Art. 324 was amended to clarify the
duties of the Election Commission. It deprived the Election Commission of the
power to appoint election tribunals for deciding election disputes of members
of Parliament and State Legislatures.
21th Constitutional
Amendment Act, 1967: Sindhi language was included as 15th
regional language in the Eighth Schedule.
24th
Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971:
It was a retaliatory act of the parliament to neutralize the effect of
the judgment in Golak Nath Case. It affirmed the parliament’s power to amend
any part of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights by amending Arts.
368 and 13. It made obligatory for the President to give assent to Amendment
Bills, when they are presented to him / her.
25th
Constitutional Amendment Act, 1971 (came into force on 20.04.1972): It restricted the jurisdiction of the Courts
over acquisition laws with regard to adequacy of Compensation. This amendment
came primarily in the wake of Bank Nationalization case and the word ‘amount’
was substituted in place of ‘compensation’ in Article 31.
It also provided that no law passed by State to give effect
to Directive principles specified under clauses (b) and (c) o f Art. 39 can be
declared void on the ground that it was inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
conferred by Arts. 14, 19 and 31.
26th
Constitution Amendment Act, 1971: This amendment withdrew the recognition
to the rulers of Princely States and their privy purses were abolished.
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