The constitution of India is the lengthiest and the most comprehensive
of all the written constitutions of the world.
Originally the Constitution consisted of 395 Articles divided into 22 parts and 8 schedules.
Now it consists of about 442 articles divided into 22
parts and 12 Schedules.
Unlike the federal Constitutions of the USA and Australia
the Indian Constitution lays down provisions relating to the Governmental machinery
not only in the Centre but also in the States.
The Indian Constitution provides for matters of
administrative detail.
The constitution contains detailed provisions relating to Centre- State relations including the
emergency provisions.
Special status has been given to Jammu & Kashmir and
some other states such as Nagaland, Mizoram, Assam, and Gujarat etc.
Under the Constitution the
people of India are the ultimate
sovereign.
The Constitution of India establishes a parliamentary form of Government both at the Centre and in the
States.
The Indian Constitution, though written, is sufficiently flexible.
The constitution, declares certain Fundamental rights of the individual.
It is a unique feature of the Indian Constitution that it
makes the citizens’ duties a part of the basic law of the land.
One of the most important and unique features of the Indian Constitution
is the provisions of Directive Principles
of State Policy to secure a truly welfare state.
The India Constitution distributes the legislative subjects
on which the parliament and state Legislature can enact under three lists viz,
Union List, state List and Concurrent List.
The Indian Constitution unlike other federal Constitutions
provides for a Single unified judiciary
with the Supreme Court at the apex, the High Courts in the middle and the Subordinate
Courts at the bottom.
There are provisions in the Constitution to ensure Independence of judiciary.
The constitution of India has adopted a balance between the
American system of judicial supremacy and the British principle of
Parliamentary Supremacy.
The most remarkable feature of the Indian Constitution is
that being a federal Constitution it acquires
a unitary character during the time of emergency.
Under the Indian Constitution every adult above 18 years of
age has been given the right to elect representatives for the legislature
without prescribing any qualification based either on sex, property, education
or the like.
A distinctive feature of the Indian Constitution is that it
provides for the establishment of a Secular
state. Regardless of their religious beliefs, all Indian citizens enjoy
equal rights.
The state cannot discriminate against anyone on the ground
of religion or caste, nor can it compel anybody to pay taxes for the support of
any particular religion.
The Indian Constitution has special reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes public
appointment and in educational institutions and in the Union and State
Legislatures.
An outstanding feature of the Constitution is Panchayati Raj. The idea for organizing
village Panchayats was provided in the Constitution under Article 40 of part IV
which received Constitutionals legitimacy through the 73rd Amendment
to the Indian Constitution.
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